Given the significant risks to people who have dysphagia, it is important that dysphagia is rapidly identified and managed in the person with Acquired Brain Injury. Risks include:
- Developing a chest infection following aspiration
- Experiencing distressing episodes of choking. In the worst case scenario this may be fatal unless urgent assistance is provided. Please note advice provided by clicking on this link: choking
In addition to these very obvious risks, further potential consequences of untreated dysphagia include:
- Malnutrition: Lack of proper nutrition caused by not having enough to eat or not eating the right things. The person with dysphagia may be unable to eat an adequate diet.
- Dehydration: Not having enough
water in the body which then affects how the body works. - Increased risk of developing pressure ulcers and poor wound healing.
- Decreased resistance to infection.
- Increased confusion as a result of dehydration and/or malnutrition.
- Exacerbation or a cause of psychological and psychiatric problems (e.g. low mood and anxiety). The person may also become fearful of eating and drinking.
- The person may not be able to benefit from medication if:
- Unable to take medication orally.
- The medication is retained in the mouth or throat after swallowing – it does not get to the stomach.
- Medication is aspirated.
- They refuse to take medication because they sense it is difficult, are aware that tablets may be lodging in the throat and/or are in discomfort when taking medication etc.
- It is unpalatable when given in soluble form.
If dysphagia is left unmanaged it may have a significant impact on the person’s quality of life, decrease their ability to benefit from rehabilitation and ability to engage in normal activities of daily living, including social and leisure activities.
