Those who have normal ability to move do not develop pressure ulcers. This is because they are constantly moving and changing position. Following brain injury, if the person is unable to change position frequently enough the risk of tissue breakdown is significantly increased. This may lead to the development of a pressure ulcer with the potential risk of associated infection.
The areas of the body most affected by pressure are the:
- Head
- Ears
- Shoulders
- Elbows
- Base of spine
- Buttocks
- Knees
- Ankles
- Heels
- Toes
Why does Tissue Breakdown Occur?
Tissue breakdown arises when pressure on specific areas of the body interrupts the blood supply to the area. Blood contains the oxygen and nutrients essential for healthy cell and tissue maintenance and repair. With the loss of blood supply, tissue becomes damaged and a pressure ulcer may develop. There is a significant risk that the pressure ulcer may subsequently become infected. Interruption to the blood supply prevents white blood cells from reaching the pressure area in order to fight infection. Without intervention, the damaged area of tissue will begin to die.
How do I Recognise a Developing Pressure Area?
Just a few hours of impaired mobility may increase the risk of the person developing a pressure ulcer. Changes to the affected area can be observed; the skin may be observed to become warmer, slightly redder or darker in colour.