Working memory refers to the process of temporarily ‘holding onto’ information in order to then carry out a task. To use a telephone number, it is held in working memory, repeated until dialled. It can then be ‘forgotten’, unless it is a needed number which, by repetition, can be learned and stored in memory for future use. Working memory is necessary for following instructions, understanding language, doing mental arithmetic etc.
Information held in working memory is rapidly forgotten, usually within about 15 seconds, by which time it is processed and no longer required. Working memory is usually able to hold up to seven discrete items of information e.g. a sequence of seven numbers.
A well-functioning working memory is required to support learning, to lay down new memories, to follow written or verbal information, understand verbal jokes and to follow and respond to conversation. A breakdown in working memory can impair all these abilities and will have an impact on rehabilitation. If working memory impairment is present, reducing the amount of information given at any one time will be essential.